Wall Street Journal 해석

A Charitable Way to Get Income for Life : 평생 소득을 얻는 자선 방법

춰리 2023. 12. 3. 10:35

A Charitable Way to Get Income for Life
평생 소득을 얻는 자선 방법


TAX REPORT | LAURA SAUNDERS

 

an IRA gift annuity won`t be right for everyone. seniors should consider all the angles before jumping in. : IRA 선물 연금은 모든 사람에게 적합하지 않습니다. 노인들은 뛰어들기 전에 모든 각도를 고려해야 합니다.

 

 

There’s a new tax break that allows seniors to support their favorite causes with funds from their IRAs
노인들이 IRA 자금으로 자신이 좋아하는 일을 지원할 수 있는 새로운 세금 혜택이 있습니다.



Tax breaks for charitable donations come in many flavors, and this year Congress has a new one for seniors called an IRA charitable gift annuity. It allows older owners of traditional IRAs to donate account funds to a charity and get tax breaks plus income payments for life.
자선 기부에 대한 세금 감면은 다양한 형태로 제공되며, 올해 의회에서는 노인을 위한 IRA 자선 기부 연금이라는 새로운 혜택을 제공합니다. 이를 통해 기존 IRA의 노령 소유자는 계좌 자금을 자선 단체에 기부하고 세금 감면과 평생 소득 지급을 받을 수 있습니다.



Brian and Deborah Smith of Park City, Utah, plan to try this option next year. That’s when Deborah Smith turns 73 and has to begin required withdrawals from her traditional IRA. She will donate $53,000 of her $550,000 account to the Episcopal church where the couple is active and Deborah serves on the board.
유타주 파크시티에 사는 브라이언 스미스와 데보라 스미스는 내년에 이 옵션을 시도해 볼 계획입니다. 이때 Deborah Smith가 73세가 되어 기존 IRA에서 필수 인출을 시작해야 합니다. 그녀는 자신의 $550,000 계좌 중 $53,000를 부부가 활동하고 있고 Deborah가 이사회에서 봉사하고 있는 성공회에 기부할 것입니다.



In return, says Brian Smith, the annuity will pay his wife about $300 a month during her life, based on a 7% rate. This will provide a nice boost to her Social Security payments. Because Deborah’s required withdrawal from her IRA will be used for a charitable donation, the payout won’t raise their taxable income for 2024. The donation also will help damp the income-related charges for Medicare premiums known as Irmaa.
그 대가로 브라이언 스미스(Brian Smith)는 연금이 그의 아내에게 7% 이율을 기준으로 평생 동안 매달 약 300달러를 지급할 것이라고 말했습니다. 이는 그녀의 사회보장 지급액을 크게 늘릴 것입니다. Deborah가 IRA에서 인출해야 하는 금액은 자선 기부에 사용되기 때문에 지급금은 2024년 과세 소득을 늘리지 않습니다. 또한 기부금은 Irmaa라고 알려진 Medicare 보험료에 대한 소득 관련 비용을 줄이는 데 도움이 됩니다.

 


Brian, a professional investor, says he and his wife live mainly on investment income, and he suspects the annuity’s fixed rate will look even better in several years.
전문 투자자인 브라이언은 자신과 아내가 주로 투자 수입으로 생활하고 있으며 연금 고정 금리가 몇 년 후에는 훨씬 좋아질 것이라고 생각합니다.

 


“Making this big donation to the church while we’re alive feels good, and getting a monthly payment back feels good too,” he says. “It’s a win-win.”
“살아있는 동안 이렇게 큰돈을 교회에 기부하는 것도 기분 좋고, 월급을 돌려받는 것도 기분 좋아요.”라고 그는 말합니다. “윈윈(win-win)입니다.”



For charities, a big advantage is that baby boomers holding lots of assets in traditional IRAs have a new way to make large donations to beloved causes and get something back. Millions of these givers have had few or no specific tax breaks for donations since the 2017 tax overhaul nearly doubled the standard deduction, which has reduced the percentage of filers itemizing from about 30% to under 10%.
자선단체의 큰 장점은 전통적인 IRA에 많은 자산을 보유하고 있는 베이비붐 세대가 사랑받는 단체에 대규모 기부를 하고 무언가를 돌려받을 수 있는 새로운 방법이 있다는 것입니다. 2017년 세금 개편으로 인해 표준 공제가 거의 두 배로 늘어났고, 이로 인해 항목별 신고자의 비율이 약 30%에서 10% 미만으로 감소한 이후 수백만 명의 기부자에게는 기부에 대한 구체적인 세금 감면 혜택이 거의 또는 전혀 없었습니다.



But these donations are not for everyone. “I don’t see too many of our clients doing it,” says Dan Griffith, who directs strategies for high-net worth clients at Huntington Private Bank in Columbus, Ohio.
하지만 이러한 기부는 모든 사람을 위한 것은 아닙니다. 오하이오 주 콜럼버스에 있는 Huntington Private Bank에서 고액 고객을 위한 전략을 지휘하는 Dan Griffith는 “우리 고객 중 그렇게 많은 고객이 그렇게 하는 것을 보지 못했습니다.”라고 말합니다.



Among other things, he points to the low lifetime limit for the donations, the higher growth potential for assets left in the account, and the need to vet the nonprofit paying the annuity.
무엇보다도 그는 평생 기부 한도가 낮다는 점, 계좌에 남아 있는 자산의 성장 가능성이 더 높다는 점, 연금을 지불하는 비영리단체를 조사해야 할 필요성 등을 지적합니다.



With pitches for IRA gift annuities coming thick and fast as yearend approaches, donors will want to consider all the angles. Here’s more to know.
연말이 다가옴에 따라 IRA 기부 연금에 대한 홍보가 점점 더 빨라지고 있으므로 기부자는 모든 각도를 고려하고 싶어할 것입니다. 더 알아야 할 사항이 있습니다.



What’s new about IRA charitable gift annuities?
IRA 자선 기부 연금에 대한 새로운 소식은 무엇입니까?

 

 

The ability to use IRA assets to do them. While charitable gift annuities have long existed and are widely offered by colleges, churches and healthcare nonprofits, typically they have been funded with cash or appreciated assets like stock.
IRA 자산을 사용하여 이를 수행할 수 있는 능력. 자선 기부 연금은 오랫동안 존재해 왔으며 대학, 교회 및 의료 비영리 단체에서 널리 제공되고 있지만 일반적으로 현금이나 주식과 같은 평가 자산으로 자금을 조달했습니다.

 


In essence, IRA gift annuities are a subset of qualified charitable distributions. Many rules are the same, and these donations are subtracted from the total annual limit for QCDs. So if a donor does a $50,000 IRA gift annuity this year, he or she has $50,000 left for other QCDs.
본질적으로 IRA 선물 연금은 자격을 갖춘 자선 분배금의 하위 집합입니다. 많은 규칙이 동일하며 이러한 기부금은 QCD의 연간 총 한도에서 차감됩니다. 따라서 기부자가 올해 $50,000 IRA 선물 연금을 기부하면 다른 QCD에 $50,000가 남게 됩니다.

 


How do these annuities work?
이 연금은 어떻게 작동하나요?

 

 

IRA owners age 70 ½ or older make irrevocable donations of up to $50,000 to one or more 501(c)(3) charities directly from their account. The limit is adjusted for inflation, and in 2024 it will be $53,000.
70 ½세 이상의 IRA 소유자는 자신의 계좌에서 직접 하나 이상의 501(c)(3) 자선단체에 최대 $50,000까지 취소할 수 없는 기부를 합니다. 한도는 인플레이션에 따라 조정되며, 2024년에는 $53,000가 됩니다.



Under current law, IRA gift annuities can only be done once in a donor’s lifetime although the giver can split the total among several nonprofits in that year.
현행법에 따르면 IRA 기부 연금은 기증자가 해당 연도에 여러 비영리 단체에 총액을 나눌 수 있지만 기증자의 일생에 한 번만 수행할 수 있습니다.



The charity then pays an annuity at a fixed rate set at the time of the gift. It is based on the donor’s age and an anticipated 50/50 split of funds between the donor and the charity. The payments aren’t adjusted for inflation, and they end with the death of the owner or the owner and spouse, depending on the annuity’s setup.
그러면 자선 단체는 기부 당시 설정된 고정 비율로 연금을 지급합니다. 이는 기부자의 연령과 기부자와 자선단체 사이의 예상 자금 50/50 분할을 기준으로 합니다. 지불금은 인플레이션에 맞춰 조정되지 않으며 연금 설정에 따라 소유자 또는 소유자 및 배우자의 사망으로 끝납니다.

 


What are the rates?
요금은 얼마입니까?

 

 

They are the same rates as for other charitable gift annuities, which are typically lower than for noncharitable annuities.
이는 다른 자선 기부 연금과 동일한 요율로, 일반적으로 비자선 연금보다 낮습니다.



Rates vary according to the recipient’s age and the charity, but many nonprofits use rates recommended by the American Council on Gift Annuities. The law mandates a rate of at least 5% for these annuities.
요율은 수령인의 연령과 자선 단체에 따라 다르지만, 많은 비영리 단체에서는 미국 선물 연금 협의회(American Council on Gift Annuities)에서 권장하는 요율을 사용합니다. 법은 이러한 연금에 대해 최소 5%의 비율을 요구합니다.



For 2024 the ACGA’s recommended rates are expected to be 6.3% for a 70-year-old and 8% for an 80-year-old, about 0.4 percentage point higher than for this year.
2024년 ACGA 권장비율은 70세 6.3%, 80세 8%로 올해보다 약 0.4%포인트 높아질 것으로 예상된다.

 


How are IRA charitable gift annuities taxed?
IRA 자선 기부 연금에는 어떻게 세금이 부과되나요?

 

 

IRA gift-annuity payments to the donor are taxable at ordinary income rates.
기부자에게 지급되는 IRA 증여 연금은 일반 소득 세율로 과세됩니다.



As with QCDs, there is no tax deduction for the donation. But unlike a standard IRA withdrawal, the gift doesn’t raise adjusted gross income. AGI is used to determine some other taxes and the Medicare premiums known as Irmaa.
QCD와 마찬가지로 기부금에 대한 세금 공제가 없습니다. 그러나 표준 IRA 인출과 달리 기부금은 조정 총소득을 올리지 않습니다. AGI는 Irmaa로 알려진 기타 세금과 메디케어 보험료를 결정하는 데 사용됩니다.



The IRA donation also offsets part or all of the account owner’s annual minimum withdrawal for that year, if one is required.
IRA 기부는 필요한 경우 계정 소유자의 해당 연도 연간 최소 인출액의 일부 또는 전부를 상쇄합니다.

 

 

How does the donation limit apply to married couples?
부부의 기부한도는 어떻게 적용되나요?

 

 

The limit is per IRA owner. If each spouse has a traditional IRA, then each can use up to $50,000 of his or her account funds this year for an IRA gift annuity, for a total of $100,000 per couple.
한도는 IRA 소유자별로 적용됩니다. 각 배우자가 전통적인 IRA를 가지고 있는 경우, 각 배우자는 올해 자신의 계좌 자금 중 최대 $50,000까지 IRA 기부 연금으로 사용할 수 있으며, 부부당 총 $100,000입니다.



In addition, an annuity can be set up so that payments end with the death of the second spouse. In that case, the payments will be lower.
또한 두 번째 배우자가 사망하면 지급이 종료되도록 연금을 설정할 수 있습니다. 이 경우 지급액은 낮아집니다.

 


What are the fees and risks?
수수료와 위험은 무엇입니까?

 

 

According to ACGA President Joe Bull, the group’s recommended rates assume an annual management fee of 1% paid by the charity, although arrangements vary. Be sure to ask about fees and other costs.
ACGA 회장인 Joe Bull에 따르면, 그룹의 권장 요금은 약정이 다양하지만 자선 단체가 지불하는 연간 관리 수수료를 1%로 가정합니다. 수수료 및 기타 비용에 대해서는 반드시 문의하시기 바랍니다.



Charities usually bear the burden of making sure the annuity is paid so recipients can suffer if the charity does, and there have been a few scandals. Check the group’s stability, and whether state regulations offer protections.
자선단체는 일반적으로 연금이 지급되는지 확인하는 책임을 지며, 자선단체가 지급하면 수령인이 고통을 겪을 수 있으며 몇 가지 스캔들이 있었습니다. 그룹의 안정성과 주정부 규정이 보호를 제공하는지 확인하세요.



Sometimes the annuity recipient lives much longer than expected. In this case, the charity may ask the recipient to forgo further payments, although the donor can refuse. This request is less likely if other donations are expected from that giver.
때로는 연금 수혜자가 예상보다 훨씬 오래 사는 경우도 있습니다. 이 경우 자선 단체는 수혜자에게 추가 지불을 거부하도록 요청할 수 있지만 기부자는 거부할 수 있습니다. 해당 기부자로부터 다른 기부가 예상되는 경우 이 요청은 발생할 가능성이 적습니다.

 


What are the rules on receiving goods and services from the charity for donors with these annuities?
이러한 연금을 받는 기부자가 자선단체로부터 물품과 서비스를 받는 것에 대한 규칙은 무엇입니까?

 

 

Don’t take the freebies! The rules aren’t the same as for other charitable donations. With those, a free ticket to a gala worth $250 can simply be subtracted from the contribution.
공짜를 받지 마세요! 규칙은 다른 자선 기부와 동일하지 않습니다. 이를 통해 $250 상당의 갈라 무료 티켓을 기부금에서 간단히 차감할 수 있습니다.



But not for QCDs, which include IRA gift annuities. Instead, the free gala ticket worth $250 would likely disqualify the tax-free IRA donation. The IRS might not find out, of course, but it’s not worth the risk.
그러나 IRA 선물 연금을 포함하는 QCD에는 해당되지 않습니다. 대신 $250 상당의 무료 갈라 티켓은 면세 IRA 기부 자격을 박탈할 가능성이 높습니다. 물론 IRS가 이를 알아내지 못할 수도 있지만 위험을 감수할 가치는 없습니다.