Wall Street Journal 해석

Rate Hikes Are Likely Over, but No One Will Say So Yet : 금리 인상이 끝났을 것 같지만 아직 누구도 그렇게 말하지 않을 것입니다.

춰리 2023. 12. 2. 22:47

Rate Hikes Are Likely Over, but No One Will Say So Yet
금리 인상이 끝났을 것 같지만 아직 누구도 그렇게 말하지 않을 것입니다.

BY NICK TIMIRAOS

 

Fed Chairman Jerome Powell  TING SHEN/ BLOOMBERG NEWS : 제롬 파월 연준 의장 TING SHEN/BLOOMBERG NEWS

 


Federal Reserve officials are increasingly confident that they don’t need to keep raising interest rates to defeat inflation. But they aren’t ready to declare an end to hikes let alone to start a discussion about lowering rates.
연준 관계자들은 인플레이션을 물리치기 위해 금리를 계속 인상할 필요가 없다는 확신이 점점 커지고 있습니다. 그러나 그들은 금리 인하 논의를 시작하는 것은 고사하고, 인상 종료를 선언할 준비도 되어 있지 않습니다.

On Friday, Fed Chair Jerome Powell offered the strongest signal yet that officials are likely done raising rates by saying that their policy setting is “well into restrictive territory, meaning that tight monetary policy” is slowing economic activity.
금요일, 제롬 파월 연준의장은 자신들의 정책 설정이 "긴축적인 통화 정책"이 경제 활동을 둔화시키고 있음을 의미하는 제한적인 영역에 들어섰다고 말함으로써 금리 인상이 끝났을 가능성이 있다는 가장 강력한 신호를 제시했습니다.

But his remarks were laced with caution. “It would be premature to conclude with confidence that we have achieved a sufficiently restrictive stance,” Powell said in remarks at Spelman College in Atlanta.
그러나 그의 발언은 조심스러웠습니다. 파월 의장은 애틀랜타 스펠먼 칼리지에서 열린 연설에서 "우리가 충분히 제한적인 입장을 달성했다고 자신있게 결론을 내리는 것은 시기상조"라고 말했습니다.

Recent slowdowns in inflation and wage growth provide evidence that the Fed’s rate increases were succeeding, and officials expect the economy to cool further, he said. As a result, he signaled a higher bar for any further increases when he said officials would “tighten policy further if it becomes appropriate to do so.”
최근 인플레이션과 임금 인상의 둔화는 연준의 금리 인상이 성공했다는 증거를 제공하며 관리들은 경제가 더욱 식을 것으로 기대한다고 말했습니다. 이에 따라 그는 “당국이 적절하다고 판단되면 정책을 더욱 강화할 것”이라고 말하면서 추가 인상에 대한 기준이 더 높아졌다는 점을 시사했습니다.

Powell also said it was too soon “to speculate on when policy might ease,” nodding to financial market participants’ growing expectations that the Fed will lower rates as soon as next spring.
파월 의장은 또 연준이 이르면 내년 봄 금리를 내릴 것이라는 금융시장 참가자들의 기대감이 커지고 있는 데 대해 "정책이 언제 완화될지 추측하기에는 너무 이르다"고 말했습니다.

Powell’s comments leave officials on track to hold rates steady at their December meeting while maintaining public guidance that their next rate change is more likely to be an increase than a cut.
파월 의장의 발언은 당국자들이 12월 회의에서 금리를 안정적으로 유지하는 동시에 다음 금리 변화는 인하보다는 인상될 가능성이 더 높다는 대중의 지침을 유지하는 궤도에 오르게 합니다.

Bond yields fell Friday as investors continued to dial up their expectations for the Fed to lower interest rates next year. Powell’s threat of further hikes and his dismissal of rate cuts seemed halfhearted, said Karim Basta, chief economist at III Capital Management in Boca Raton, Fla.
금요일 채권 수익률은 투자자들이 연준이 내년에 금리를 인하할 것이라는 기대를 계속 높이면서 하락했습니다. 플로리다주 보카레이턴에 위치한 III Capital Management의 카림 바스타 수석 이코노미스트는 파월 의장의 추가 금리 인상 위협과 금리 인하 기각이 무심해 보인다고 말했습니다.

The Fed has boosted its benchmark federal funds rate at the fastest pace in four decades and most recently lifted it in July to a range between 5.25% and 5.5%. Holding it steady for a third-consecutive policy meeting would leave it unchanged at least through January.
연준은 40년 만에 가장 빠른 속도로 기준 연방기금 금리를 인상했으며 가장 최근에는 7월에 이를 5.25%~5.5% 범위로 인상했습니다. 3회 연속 정책 회의 동안 이 수치를 유지하면 적어도 1월까지는 변함이 없을 것입니다.

Powell said Friday that after increasing so rapidly, officials are moving forward carefully because the risks of raising rates too much or too little are better balanced now than previously.
파월 의장은 금요일 너무 빠른 속도로 금리를 인상한 이후 금리를 너무 많이 또는 너무 적게 인상하는 위험이 이전보다 더 잘 균형을 이루었기 때문에 공무원들이 신중하게 움직이고 있다고 말했습니다.

Monetary policy is at its most economically restrictive setting in 25 years, and it will need to stay tight “for quite some time,” New York Fed President John Williams said at a conference on Thursday.
존 윌리엄스 뉴욕 연준 총재는 목요일 회의에서 통화 정책이 25년 만에 경제적으로 가장 제한적인 상황에 처해 있으며 “상당 기간” 긴축 상태를 유지해야 한다고 말했습니다.

Several months of subdued inflation readings have led investors to speculate that the Fed will cut rates by May or even earlier. But officials aren’t ready to entertain such deliberations. They want to see more evidence that monthly inflation readings remain subdued or that the economy and hiring are slowing more than they anticipate.
몇 달간 인플레이션이 둔화되면서 투자자들은 연준이 5월 또는 그 이전에 금리를 인하할 것이라고 추측하게 되었습니다. 그러나 공무원들은 그러한 심의를 받아들일 준비가 되어 있지 않습니다. 그들은 월별 인플레이션 수치가 여전히 낮은 수준이거나 경제 및 고용이 예상보다 둔화되고 있다는 더 많은 증거를 보고 싶어합니다.

That means the Fed at its Dec. 12-13 meeting will focus on how much longer to signal that rate increases remain a possibility. Officials are unlikely to remove this so-called tightening bias at the gathering, which would be a necessary first step before considering whether to cut rates.
이는 연준이 12월 12~13일 회의에서 금리 인상 가능성이 남아 있다는 신호를 얼마나 오랫동안 보낼 것인지에 초점을 맞출 것임을 의미합니다. 당국자들은 금리 인하 여부를 고려하기 전에 필요한 첫 번째 단계가 될 소위 긴축 편견을 회의에서 제거할 것 같지 않습니다.

“If inflation is going to flare back up, I think you want to have the option of doing more on rates,” Richmond Fed President Tom Barkin said recently.
톰 바킨 리치몬드 연준 총재는 최근 "인플레이션이 다시 치솟을 경우 금리에 더 많은 조치를 취할 수 있는 옵션을 갖고 싶다고 생각한다"고 말했습니다.

Officials are cautious for several reasons. They don’t want to hastily announce “mission accomplished” on inflation, even if they are heartened by the recent slowdown, because the economy and inflation have been tricky to forecast in the past three years.
관계자들은 여러 가지 이유로 조심스럽다. 최근 경기 둔화로 마음이 편해지더라도 성급하게 인플레이션에 대한 '임무 완수'를 발표하고 싶지 않은 이유는 지난 3년간 경제와 인플레이션을 예측하기가 까다로웠기 때문이다.

In 2021, inflation surged in the spring and then initially retreated that summer, giving the central bank false comfort the pickup would be short-lived. The Fed maintained an ultra stimulative monetary policy put in place when the Covid pandemic erupted. Price increases accelerated that fall, forcing the Fed to make an abrupt policy U-turn.
2021년에는 봄에 인플레이션이 급등했다가 그 해 여름에 처음으로 후퇴하여 중앙은행에 상승세가 오래 가지 않을 것이라는 잘못된 확신을 주었습니다. 연준은 코로나19 팬데믹이 터졌을 때 시행된 극도로 부양적인 통화 정책을 유지했습니다. 그해 가을 물가 인상이 가속화되면서 연준은 갑작스러운 정책 방향 전환을 하게 되었습니다.

As a result, officials today want to see more evidence that inflation doesn’t settle above 3%, a level unacceptably high for a central bank with a 2% target.
그 결과, 오늘날 관리들은 인플레이션이 2% 목표를 가진 중앙은행이 받아들일 수 없을 정도로 높은 수준인 3% 이상으로 안정되지 않는다는 더 많은 증거를 보고 싶어합니다.

Fed officials also don’t want to encourage market rallies that could stimulate economic activity by declaring an end to rate hikes. They particularly want to avoid prompting investors to expect even more aggressive cuts than officials are willing to entertain when the economy is still growing. —Eric Wallerstein contributed to this article.
연준 관계자들은 또한 금리 인상 중단을 선언함으로써 경제 활동을 자극할 수 있는 시장 반등을 장려하고 싶지 않습니다. 그들은 특히 경제가 여전히 성장하고 있을 때 투자자들이 공무원들이 기꺼이 받아들이는 것보다 훨씬 더 공격적인 삭감을 기대하도록 유도하는 것을 피하고 싶어합니다. —Eric Wallerstein이 이 기사에 기고했습니다.

더보기

Inflation Fight Comes Down to Housing, Goolsbee Says
인플레이션 싸움은 주택에까지 영향을 미친다고 Goolsbee는 말합니다.



Inflation seems on track toward the Federal Reserve’s 2% target and now the big question is what will happen with housing in 2024, a top Fed official said Friday.
인플레이션은 연준의 2% 목표를 향해 궤도에 오르고 있는 것으로 보이며 이제 가장 큰 문제는 2024년 주택에 어떤 일이 일어날 것인가라고 연준 고위 관계자가 금요일 말했습니다.

“It was absolutely where we wanted it to be,” Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee said of the government’s latest inflation data.
오스틴 굴스비 시카고 연은 총재는 정부의 최근 인플레이션 데이터에 대해 "완전히 우리가 원했던 곳이었다"고 말했다.

The Commerce Department reported on Thursday a slowdown in inflation in October, with the personal consumption expenditures price index up 3% on a year over year basis, compared with 3.4% in September. Price growth as measured by the PCE index is the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge.
상무부는 목요일 개인소비지출 물가지수가 9월 3.4%에서 전년 동기 대비 3% 상승해 10월 인플레이션이 둔화됐다고 발표했다. PCE 지수로 측정한 물가 상승률은 연준이 선호하는 인플레이션 지표입니다.

Inflation related to services and goods such as cars and appliances has declined substantially from pandemic highs. “The key thing we have to watch is housing,” Goolsbee said.
자동차, 가전제품 등 서비스 및 상품과 관련된 인플레이션은 팬데믹 최고치에서 크게 감소했습니다. Goolsbee는 "우리가 주목해야 할 핵심은 주택입니다."라고 말했습니다.

House prices and rents have been snags for the Fed despite a barrage of interest- rate hikes, 11 in all since March 2022.
2022년 3월 이후 총 11번의 금리 인상 공세에도 불구하고 주택 가격과 임대료는 연준의 발목을 잡았습니다.

Mortgage rates have risen and home sales have fallen.
모기지 금리는 올랐고 주택판매는 줄었습니다.

But prices have mostly continued to rise because of what experts say are structural issues in the market, including a dearth of homes for sale and homeowners unwilling to sell because they are locked into low-rate mortgages.
그러나 전문가들은 판매할 주택이 부족하고 주택 소유자가 저금리 주택담보대출에 묶여 판매를 꺼리는 등 시장의 구조적 문제로 인해 가격이 계속 상승해 왔습니다.

Goolsbee’s comments at a talk in Chicago were similar to those of other Fed officials who have expressed positive sentiments about inflation data. Fed policy makers will meet Dec. 12-13 to make their next decision on interest rates.
시카고 강연에서 Goolsbee의 발언은 인플레이션 데이터에 대해 긍정적인 감정을 표현한 다른 연준 관계자들의 발언과 유사했습니다. 연준 정책 입안자들은 12월 12~13일에 회의를 열어 금리에 대한 다음 결정을 내릴 예정입니다.

 

 


—Bob Fernandez